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Drug-drug interactions and toxicity of .
Third-party funded project
Project title Drug-drug interactions and toxicity of .
Principal Investigator(s) Krähenbühl, Stephan
Organisation / Research unit Bereich Medizinische Fächer (Klinik) / Klinische Pharmakologie (Krähenbühl),
Departement Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften / Pharmakologie (Krähenbühl)
Project start 01.04.2006
Probable end 30.09.2010
Status Completed
Abstract

Drug-drug interactions and toxicity of thienopyridine drugs

Clopidogrel and ticlopidine are thienopyridine prodrugs needing enzymatic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and 2B6 in order to exert their anti-platelet effects. Activation of these drugs is associated with the generation of a free mercapto group, which may be responsible not only for the therapeutic effect, but also for their toxicity. The most important toxic effects include myelotoxicity (neutropenia and agranulocytosis) and liver injury.In part A of my grant proposal, I plan first to set up an in vitro system consisting of human hepatic microsomes (or “supersomes”, containing on specific cytochrome P450 isozyme) to study activation of the thienopyridines. In a second step, this system will be used to study potential drug-drug interactions in vitro, namely by adding CYP inhibitors to this system. The system will then be developed further by the addition of thrombocytes to the incubations, in order to investigate also the dynamics of the thienopyridines. In additional investigations, such interactions (e.g. the possible interaction between amiodarone and clopidogrel) will then be studied in vivo in a clinical study. Finally, the clinical consequence of such interactions will be estimated by conducting a pharmacoepidemiological study using a large British database.In part B of my grant proposal, hepatic and myelotoxicity of the thienopyridines will be investigated. Since active metabolites are produced in the liver, I plan first to focus on hepatotoxicity. This will be studied using HepG2 cells, either in the presence of human hepatic microsomes or with cells overexpressing human CYP3A4. If toxicity can be demonstrated, I plan to study hepatic toxicity of the thienopyridines in the heterozygote Sod2-/+ mouse, which is sensitive for ROS-associated liver damage. Reactive metabolites can also lead to the formation of neo-antigens, triggering an immune response against the liver. This possibility will be assessed using an animal model for T cell-associated hepatotoxicity. Finally, myelotoxicity of the thienopyridines will be investigated using the well characterized colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) assay. If toxicity can be observed, its mechanism will be investigated using the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Activation of the thienopyridines will be achieved using coincubation with human hepatic microsomes or by using HL-60 cells overexpressing CYP3A4.The studies will shed light on the possible drug-drug interactions with the thienopyridines, which may be associated with a loss of activation and efficacy. In addition, they will help us to understand the mechanism for their toxicity, which is important for other drugs with a similar structure.

Keywords Clopidogrel, ticlopidine, drug-drug interaction, liver injury, myelotoxicity
Financed by Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)
   

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