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Gait in children with and without ADHD: A systematic literature review
JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift)
 
ID 4684043
Author(s) Meachon, E. J.; Klupp, S.; Grob, A.
Author(s) at UniBasel Meachon, Emily
Year 2023
Title Gait in children with and without ADHD: A systematic literature review
Journal Gait & Posture
Volume 104
Pages / Article-Number 31-42
Keywords Walking, Motor performance, Dual-task, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Gait variability
Abstract

Background There is increasing speculation whether Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has phenotypic or secondary motor symptoms. Some evidence suggests even fundamental motor skills such as walking can differ in ADHD, however, the evidence is limited and has not been reviewed. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to summarize the findings regarding gait in ADHD compared to typically developing children in (1) normal (i.e., self-paced), (2) paced or complex (i.e., walking backwards), and (3) dual-task contexts. Method Following a thorough literature search and application of stringent exclusion criteria, a total of 12 studies were included in this review. All studies examined normal walking with a variety of gait parameters in children (age range: 5–18), however, selected parameters and group differences were often inconsistent. Results In self-paced walking, studies reporting gait with coefficients of variance (CVs) indicated several between-group differences, whereas averages of gait variables were the same for those with ADHD and typically developing children. Paced or complex walking contexts often differed between ADHD and typically developing groups, favoring the ADHD group in some cases, but primarily the typically developing participants. Finally, walking contexts with dual-tasks showed more frequent performance losses in the ADHD group. Discussion Children with ADHD seem to have specific patterns of gait variability compared to typically developing children, particularly in complex walking contexts and at faster paces. The influence of age, medication, and method of gait normalization may have influenced the results of studies. Overall, this review highlights the potential for a unique gait profile in children with ADHD.

ISSN/ISBN 0966-6362
URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966636223001480
Full Text on edoc
Digital Object Identifier DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.06.003
Document type (ISI) article
   

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