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In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa.; Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM; 10; , NO; 2; , and SO; 2; up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season.; The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM; 10; , NO; 2; , and SO; 2; at lag 0-1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5-3.2%), 2.3% (0.6-4%), and 1.1% (-0.2-2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6-3.5%), 1% (-0.8-2.8%), and -0.3% (-1.6-1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m; 3; for PM; 10; , 7.3 µg/m; 3; for NO; 2; , and 3.6 µg/m; 3; for SO; 2; . The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM; 10; and NO; 2; for children were 2% (0.2-3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7-5.6%), respectively.; We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM; 10; and NO; 2; concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.
