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Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and natural and cause-specific mortality-a pooled analysis of eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project
JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift)
ID
4646480
Author(s)
Chen, J.; Rodopoulou, S.; de Hoogh, K.; Strak, M.; Andersen, Z. J.; Atkinson, R.; Bauwelinck, M.; Bellander, T.; Brandt, J.; Cesaroni, G.; Concin, H.; Fecht, D.; Forastiere, F.; Gulliver, J.; Hertel, O.; Hoffmann, B.; Hvidtfeldt, U. A.; Janssen, N. A. H.; Jockel, K. H.; Jorgensen, J.; Katsouyanni, K.; Ketzel, M.; Klompmaker, J. O.; Lager, A.; Leander, K.; Liu, S.; Ljungman, P.; MacDonald, C. J.; Magnusson, P. K. E.; Mehta, A.; Nagel, G.; Oftedal, B.; Pershagen, G.; Peters, A.; Raaschou-Nielsen, O.; Renzi, M.; Rizzuto, D.; Samoli, E.; van der Schouw, Y. T.; Schramm, S.; Schwarze, P.; Sigsgaard, T.; Sorensen, M.; Stafoggia, M.; Tjonneland, A.; Vienneau, D.; Weinmayr, G.; Wolf, K.; Brunekreef, B.; Hoek, G.
Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and natural and cause-specific mortality-a pooled analysis of eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project
Journal
Environmental health perspectives
Volume
129
Number
4
Pages / Article-Number
47009
Mesh terms
Air Pollutants, analysis; Air Pollution, analysis; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Environmental Exposure, analysis; Humans; Middle Aged; Particulate Matter, analysis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inconsistent associations between long-term exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter =2.5 mum [fine particulate matter (PM2.5)] components and mortality have been reported, partly related to challenges in exposure assessment. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations between long-term exposure to PM2.5 elemental components and mortality in a large pooled European cohort; to compare health effects of PM2.5 components estimated with two exposure modeling approaches, namely, supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF) algorithms. METHODS: We pooled data from eight European cohorts with 323,782 participants, average age 49 y at baseline (1985-2005). Residential exposure to 2010 annual average concentration of eight PM2.5 components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), nickel (Ni), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)] was estimated with Europe-wide SLR and RF models at a 100x100 m scale. We applied Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the associations between components and natural and cause-specific mortality. In addition, two-pollutant analyses were conducted by adjusting each component for PM2.5 mass and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) separately. RESULTS: We observed 46,640 natural-cause deaths with 6,317,235 person-years and an average follow-up of 19.5 y. All SLR-modeled components were statistically significantly associated with natural-cause mortality in single-pollutant models with hazard ratios (HRs) from 1.05 to 1.27. Similar HRs were observed for RF-modeled Cu, Fe, K, S, V, and Zn with wider confidence intervals (CIs). HRs for SLR-modeled Ni, S, Si, V, and Zn remained above unity and (almost) significant after adjustment for both PM2.5 and NO2. HRs only remained (almost) significant for RF-modeled K and V in two-pollutant models. The HRs for V were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.05) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) for SLR- and RF-modeled exposures, respectively, per 2 ng/m3, adjusting for PM2.5 mass. Associations with cause-specific mortality were less consistent in two-pollutant models. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to V in PM2.5 was most consistently associated with increased mortality. Associations for the other components were weaker for exposure modeled with RF than SLR in two-pollutant models. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8368.