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Measurement report: Ice-nucleating particles active ≥ -15 °C in free tropospheric air over western Europe
JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift)
 
ID 4642430
Author(s) Conen, Franz; Einbock, Annika; Mignani, Claudia; Hüglin, Christoph
Author(s) at UniBasel Conen, Franz
Einbock, Annika
Mignani, Claudia
Year 2022
Title Measurement report: Ice-nucleating particles active ≥ -15 °C in free tropospheric air over western Europe
Journal Atmospheric chemistry and physics
Volume 22
Number 5
Pages / Article-Number 3433-3444
Abstract Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) initiate ice formation in supercooled clouds, typically starting in western Europe at a few kilometres above the ground. However, little is known about the concentration and composition of INPs in the lower free troposphere (FT). Here, we analysed INPs active at −10 ∘C (INP−10) and −15 ∘C (INP−15) that were collected under FT conditions at the high-altitude observatory Jungfraujoch between January 2019 and March 2021. We relied on continuous radon measurements to distinguish FT conditions from those influenced by the planetary boundary layer. Median concentrations in the FT were 2.4 INP−10 m−3 and 9.8 INP−15 m−3, with a multiplicative standard deviation of 2.0 and 1.6 respectively. A majority of INPs were deactivated after exposure to 60 ∘C; thus, they probably originated from certain epiphytic bacteria or fungi. Subsequent heating to 95 ∘C deactivated another 15 % to 20 % of the initial INPs, which were likely other types of fungal INPs that might have been associated with soil organic matter or with decaying leaves. Very few INP−10 withstood heating to 95 ∘C, but on average 20 % of INP−15 in FT samples did so. This percentage doubled during Saharan dust intrusions, which had practically no influence on INP−10. Overall, the results suggest that aerosolised epiphytic microorganisms, or parts thereof, are responsible for the majority of primary ice formation in moderately supercooled clouds above western Europe.
Publisher European Geosciences Union
ISSN/ISBN 1680-7316
URL https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/3433/2022/
edoc-URL https://edoc.unibas.ch/88064/
Full Text on edoc No
Digital Object Identifier DOI 10.5194/acp-22-3433-2022
ISI-Number WOS:000771355600001
Document type (ISI) Article
 
   

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