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Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Interleukins, genetics; Male; Middle Aged; Mutation; Psoriasis, genetics; Smoking, genetics; Vesicular Transport Proteins, genetics; Young Adult
Abstract
The term pustular psoriasis indicates a group of severe skin disorders characterized by eruptions of neutrophil-filled pustules. The disease, which often manifests with concurrent psoriasis vulgaris, can have an acute systemic (generalized pustular psoriasis [GPP]) or chronic localized (palmoplantar pustulosis [PPP] and acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau [ACH]) presentation. Although mutations have been uncovered in IL36RN and AP1S3, the rarity of the disease has hindered the study of genotype-phenotype correlations.; We sought to characterize the clinical and genetic features of pustular psoriasis through the analysis of an extended patient cohort.; We ascertained a data set of unprecedented size, including 863 unrelated patients (251 with GPP, 560 with PPP, 28 with ACH, and 24 with multiple diagnoses). We undertook mutation screening in 473 cases.; Psoriasis vulgaris concurrence was lowest in PPP (15.8% vs 54.4% in GPP and 46.2% in ACH, P < .0005 for both), whereas the mean age of onset was earliest in GPP (31.0 vs 43.7 years in PPP and 51.8 years in ACH, P < .0001 for both). The percentage of female patients was greater in PPP (77.0%) than in GPP (62.5%; P = 5.8 × 10; -5; ). The same applied to the prevalence of smokers (79.8% vs 28.3%, P < 10; -15; ). Although AP1S3 alleles had similar frequency (0.03-0.05) across disease subtypes, IL36RN mutations were less common in patients with PPP (0.03) than in those with GPP (0.19) and ACH (0.16; P = 1.9 × 10; -14; and .002, respectively). Importantly, IL36RN disease alleles had a dose-dependent effect on age of onset in all forms of pustular psoriasis (P = .003).; The analysis of an unparalleled resource revealed key clinical and genetic differences between patients with PPP and those with GPP.
