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New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis
JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift)
ID
4379025
Author(s)
Lee, S. H.; Byrne, E. M.; Hultman, C. M.; Kahler, A.; Vinkhuyzen, A. A.; Ripke, S.; Andreassen, O. A.; Frisell, T.; Gusev, A.; Hu, X.; Karlsson, R.; Mantzioris, V. X.; McGrath, J. J.; Mehta, D.; Stahl, E. A.; Zhao, Q.; Kendler, K. S.; Sullivan, P. F.; Price, A. L.; O'Donovan, M.; Okada, Y.; Mowry, B. J.; Raychaudhuri, S.; Wray, N. R.; Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, Consortium; Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium, International; Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consorti, Authors; Byerley, W.; Cahn, W.; Cantor, R. M.; Cichon, S.; Cormican, P.; Curtis, D.; Djurovic, S.; Escott-Price, V.; Gejman, P. V.; Georgieva, L.; Giegling, I.; Hansen, T. F.; Ingason, A.; Kim, Y.; Konte, B.; Lee, P. H.; McIntosh, A.; McQuillin, A.; Morris, D. W.; Nothen, M. M.; O'Dushlaine, C.; Olincy, A.; Olsen, L.; Pato, C. N.; Pato, M. T.; Pickard, B. S.; Posthuma, D.; Rasmussen, H. B.; Rietschel, M.; Rujescu, D.; Schulze, T. G.; Silverman, J. M.; Thirumalai, S.; Werge, T.; Agartz, I.; Amin, F.; Azevedo, M. H.; Bass, N.; Black, D. W.; Blackwood, D. H.; Bruggeman, R.; Buccola, N. G.; Choudhury, K.; Cloninger, R. C.; Corvin, A.; Craddock, N.; Daly, M. J.; Datta, S.; Donohoe, G. J.; Duan, J.; Dudbridge, F.; Fanous, A.; Freedman, R.; Freimer, N. B.; Friedl, M.; Gill, M.; Gurling, H.; De Haan, L.; Hamshere, M. L.; Hartmann, A. M.; Holmans, P. A.; Kahn, R. S.; Keller, M. C.; Kenny, E.; Kirov, G. K.; Krabbendam, L.; Krasucki, R.; Lawrence, J.; Lencz, T.; Levinson, D. F.; Lieberman, J. A.; Lin, D. Y.; Linszen, D. H.; Magnusson, P. K.; Maier, W.; Malhotra, A. K.; Mattheisen, M.; Mattingsdal, M.; McCarroll, S. A.; Medeiros, H.; Melle, I.; Milanova, V.; Myin-Germeys, I.; Neale, B. M.; Ophoff, R. A.; Owen, M. J.; Pimm, J.; Purcell, S. M.; Puri, V.; Quested, D. J.; Rossin, L.; Ruderfer, D.; Sanders, A. R.; Shi, J.; Sklar, P.; St Clair, D.; Stroup, T. S.; Van Os, J.; Visscher, P. M.; Wiersma, D.; Zammit, S.; Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium International, Authors; Bridges, S. L.; Jr.,; Choi, H. K.; Coenen, M. J.; de Vries, N.; Dieud, P.; Greenberg, J. D.; Huizinga, T. W.; Padyukov, L.; Siminovitch, K. A.; Tak, P. P.; Worthington, J.; De Jager, P. L.; Denny, J. C.; Gregersen, P. K.; Klareskog, L.; Mariette, X.; Plenge, R. M.; van Laar, M.; van Riel, P.
New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis
Journal
International Journal of Epidemiology
Volume
44
Number
5
Pages / Article-Number
1706-21
Keywords
Adolescent; Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*genetics; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Schizophrenia/*genetics; Young Adult
Mesh terms
Adolescent; Adult; Arthritis, Rheumatoid, genetics; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gene-Environment Interaction; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Schizophrenia, genetics; Young Adult
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A long-standing epidemiological puzzle is the reduced rate of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in those with schizophrenia (SZ) and vice versa. Traditional epidemiological approaches to determine if this negative association is underpinned by genetic factors would test for reduced rates of one disorder in relatives of the other, but sufficiently powered data sets are difficult to achieve. The genomics era presents an alternative paradigm for investigating the genetic relationship between two uncommon disorders. METHODS: We use genome-wide common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from independently collected SZ and RA case-control cohorts to estimate the SNP correlation between the disorders. We test a genotype X environment (GxE) hypothesis for SZ with environment defined as winter- vs summer-born. RESULTS: We estimate a small but significant negative SNP-genetic correlation between SZ and RA (-0.046, s.e. 0.026, P = 0.036). The negative correlation was stronger for the SNP set attributed to coding or regulatory regions (-0.174, s.e. 0.071, P = 0.0075). Our analyses led us to hypothesize a gene-environment interaction for SZ in the form of immune challenge. We used month of birth as a proxy for environmental immune challenge and estimated the genetic correlation between winter-born and non-winter born SZ to be significantly less than 1 for coding/regulatory region SNPs (0.56, s.e. 0.14, P = 0.00090). CONCLUSIONS: Our results are consistent with epidemiological observations of a negative relationship between SZ and RA reflecting, at least in part, genetic factors. Results of the month of birth analysis are consistent with pleiotropic effects of genetic variants dependent on environmental context.
