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A new paradigm to measure probabilistic reasoning and a possible answer to the question why psychosis-prone individuals jump to conclusions
JournalArticle (Originalarbeit in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift)
 
ID 4141197
Author(s) Moritz, Steffen; Göritz, Anja S.; Balzan, Ryan P.; Gawęda, Lukasz; Kulagin, Susan C.; Andreou, Christina
Author(s) at UniBasel Andreou, Christina
Year 2017
Title A new paradigm to measure probabilistic reasoning and a possible answer to the question why psychosis-prone individuals jump to conclusions
Journal Journal of abnormal psychology
Volume 126
Number 4
Pages / Article-Number 406-415
Abstract Jumping to conclusions (JTC) distinguishes patients with schizophrenia from both healthy and psychiatric controls. JTC is typically assessed using the beads task, which, however, faces a number of limitations as to its interpretability and reliability. The present study set out to validate a new paradigm to assess JTC: the box task. We adopted a psychometric psychosis proneness approach and divided a large population sample into participants who scored high versus low on a scale tapping psychosis-like experiences. Participants performed a variant of the original beads task along with a new JTC task, the box task, with or without time pressure. The box task requires participants to infer which of two ball colors will be more prevalent in a matrix of boxes. The box task and the beads task were significantly correlated at a medium effect size, thus demonstrating criterion validity for the box task. As hypothesized, participants who scored high on psychosis-like experiences showed particularly strong JTC and a decreased decision threshold relative to low scorers, especially in the box task version with time pressure; in contrast, group differences in the beads tasks only achieved trend-wise significance. Mediation analyses showed that fewer draws to decisions were predicted by either a lower decision threshold or by higher initial probability estimates for the dominant item. The study establishes the criterion and construct validity of a new JTC task. Its advantages over the traditional beads task are better comprehensibility and usability; multiple parallel versions can be created thus raising reliability. (PsycINFO Database Record
Publisher American Psychological Association
ISSN/ISBN 0021-843X ; 1939-1846
edoc-URL http://edoc.unibas.ch/58226/
Full Text on edoc No
Digital Object Identifier DOI 10.1037/abn0000262
PubMed ID http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28277733
ISI-Number WOS:000400552200004
Document type (ISI) Article
 
   

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