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This overview of ligand design focuses on three areas: (i) principles of ligand binding, the formation of complexes, and popular strategies for ligand synthesis; (ii) ligand design in macrocyclic complexes, coordination polymers and networks and metallopolygons, and assembly strategies based upon the use of metalloligand building blocks; (iii) ligand design for the extraction and transport of metals. This area of coordination chemistry is too large to permit a comprehensive survey in the space available, and we focus instead on design principles with selected, carefully chosen examples. The literature has benefitted from many reviews in this field over the past 15 years, and the reader is pointed to these articles for greater depth of coverage