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The translational validation as novel approach to intergration of neuroscience and psychiatry
Editor(s)
Stoyanov, Drozdstoj S.; Stieglitz, Rolf-Dieter
Book title
New Developments in Clinical Psychology Research
Publisher
Nova Science
Place of publication
New York
Pages
196-208
ISSN/ISBN
978-1-63483-223-6 ; 978-1-63483-256-4
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Contemporary psychopathology has adopted various approaches to establishment of validity, such as content, criteria, convergent, divergent etc. validity and respective validation procedures. However regardless to the progress of neuroscience it has not been incorporated yet in psychiatric diagnosis as a possible source of external validity. In this paper we aim at defining the construct of translational validity which may eventually bridge the two fields of inquiry separated by the explanatory gap. Argument: Both modern clinical assessment tools and functional imaging are validated within their disciplinary domains: clinical inventories are validated with other clinical tests or interviews; neurobiological markers are validated against other biological measures. The currently employed in experimental neuroimaging designs inert psychological visual stimuli can serve only as neutral in terms of diagnosis emotional stimuli. This is to say that such kind of stimuli have no diagnostic value and hence cannot relate or be embodied into validity operations between neuro-biological markers of disease and psychopathology. In the same way most of the clinical psychopathological assessment tools are not underpinned with robust neuroimaging findings. Whenever any connections between the two types of measures are established, they represent mere statistical post hoc correlations. Therefore they are not regarded as translation validity operations. Yet they need convergent translational cross-validation in order to be integrated into psychiatric diagnosis. Translational validity on the other hand represents the kind of validation to relate the two domains by means of translation. We suggest that brain imaging should involve real-time rating with disorder-relevant clinical scales performed simultaneously with fMRI instead of the neutral picture stimuli. Conclusion The novel paradigm for translational cross-validation among methods of psychiatry and neuroscience can potentially contribute to the integration of the inter-disciplinary explanatory models in psychiatry.
