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Assessing the impact of drinking water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income settings : systematic review and meta-regression
JournalItem (Reviews, Editorials, Rezensionen, Urteilsanmerkungen etc. in einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift)
 
ID 2664951
Author(s) Wolf, J.; Prüss-Ustün, A.; Cumming, O.; Bartram, J.; Bonjour, S.; Cairncross, S.; Clasen, T.; Colford, JM.; Curtis, V.; De France, J.; Fewtrell, L.; Freeman, M. C.; Gordon, B.; Hunter, P. R.; Jeandron, A.; Johnston, R. B.; Mäusezahl, D.; Mathers, C.; Neira, M.; Higgins, J. P. T.
Author(s) at UniBasel Wolf, Jennyfer
Mäusezahl, Daniel
Year 2014
Title Assessing the impact of drinking water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income settings : systematic review and meta-regression
Journal Tropical medicine and international health
Volume 19
Number 8
Pages 928-942
Keywords water, sanitation, diarrhoea, global burden of disease, risk estimates
Mesh terms Developing Countries; Diarrhea, prevention & control; Drinking Water, standards; Humans; Income; Sanitation, standards; Water Quality; Water Supply, standards
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of inadequate water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income settings. METHODS: The search strategy used Cochrane Library, MEDLINE & PubMed, Global Health, Embase and BIOSIS supplemented by screening of reference lists from previously published systematic reviews, to identify studies reporting on interventions examining the effect of drinking water and sanitation improvements in low- and middle-income settings published between 1970 and May 2013. Studies including randomised controlled trials, quasi-randomised trials with control group, observational studies using matching techniques and observational studies with a control group where the intervention was well defined were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Ottawa-Newcastle scale. Study results were combined using meta-analysis and meta-regression to derive overall and intervention-specific risk estimates. RESULTS: Of 6819 records identified for drinking water, 61 studies met the inclusion criteria, and of 12 515 records identified for sanitation, 11 studies were included. Overall, improvements in drinking water and sanitation were associated with decreased risks of diarrhoea. Specific improvements, such as the use of water filters, provision of high-quality piped water and sewer connections, were associated with greater reductions in diarrhoea compared with other interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that inadequate water and sanitation are associated with considerable risks of diarrhoeal disease and that there are notable differences in illness reduction according to the type of improved water and sanitation implemented.
Publisher Blackwell Science
ISSN/ISBN 1360-2276
edoc-URL http://edoc.unibas.ch/dok/A6288961
Full Text on edoc No
Digital Object Identifier DOI 10.1111/tmi.12331
PubMed ID http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24811732
ISI-Number WOS:000338936600005
Document type (ISI) Review
 
   

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