Young people constitute the majority of African societies and they are conventionally considered the most at risk and vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health risks. In that respect, promoting the reproductive health of African youth has moved to the top of the international development agenda. However, surprisingly little is known about how young people live their sexuality, particularly in rapidly changing urban contexts.This PhD project aims at understanding sexual and reproductive health realities of adolescents growing up in dynamic urban contexts of Southern Tanzania. Focusing on a small but rapidly growing town of Mtwara, the project examines dimensions of urban sexuality adolescents experience as risks and how they go about dealing with them.