Herbivores and pathogens can have big effects on the population dynamics of plants. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that produce defending substances are increasingly cultivated. Hybridization in plants is common and gene transfer to wild relatives may occur. The aim of this project is to assess the potential risk of such transfers in terms of the population dynamics of wild relatives. Population dynamics of non-target organisms (e.g. butterflies) are an additional focus of this project, which may allow to integrate the plant and insect part, and combine both parts with a geographical information system (GIS).