During its second year this project has started to produce exciting results through high added value contributions from collaborations within the NCCR. We have designed, and are now optimizing: (i) compartments that release active compounds “on demand” without membrane disruption, (ii) “active bio-synthetic surfaces” for sensitive and selective detection of molecules, (iii) networks of hierarchically self-organized vesicles, and (iv) functionalized membranes for improved internalization inside cells.